Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins are known as what?

Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins are referred to as glycoproteins. These glycoproteins play essential roles in cell recognition, signaling, and adhesion. The carbohydrate portion can facilitate interaction with other cells and has significant implications in immune responses and pathogen recognition, enhancing the functionality of the protein to which they are attached.

Understanding the structure and function of glycoproteins is crucial, as they are integral components of the plasma membrane and contribute to the overall architecture and dynamics of cell communication.