What is the extracellular matrix primarily composed of?

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is primarily composed of proteins and polysaccharides, which play crucial roles in providing structural support and regulating various cellular functions. The protein components, such as collagen and elastin, give the ECM strength and elasticity, while the polysaccharides, including glycosaminoglycans (like hyaluronic acid), contribute to the hydration and resilience of the matrix.

This composition allows the ECM to facilitate communication between cells, support tissue organization, and influence cell behavior through biochemical signaling. These characteristics are essential for the maintenance and integrity of tissues and organs in multicellular organisms.

Other choices, such as DNA and RNA or lipids and nucleic acids, do not accurately represent the main components of the ECM. Likewise, amino acids and sugars, while important in various biological processes, are not the primary constituents of the extracellular matrix. Thus, protein and polysaccharides are the essential elements that define the structure and function of the ECM.