Which class of drugs is known to depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment?

Barbiturates are a class of drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, meaning they lower brain activity. This property is utilized for their anxiolytic effects, helping to relieve anxiety in individuals. However, the depression of the central nervous system can lead to significant side effects, particularly impairing memory and judgment, which can result in difficulties with thinking and the ability to make decisions.

These effects stem from barbiturates' action on the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), enhancing its inhibitory effects, thereby further dampening central nervous system functions. In contrast, stimulants increase the activity of the nervous system, antidepressants are primarily aimed at improving mood and minimizing symptoms of depression without the same level of CNS depression, and analgesics are used to relieve pain rather than addressing anxiety directly. This distinction highlights why barbiturates are particularly noted for their dual effect of reducing anxiety while also affecting cognitive functions.