Which molecular component helps transfer specific amino acids during protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis by helping to transfer specific amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon region that is complementary to the codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA) strand, allowing it to bind to the correct sequence during translation. This ensures that the appropriate amino acid, which is attached to the other end of the tRNA, is incorporated into the protein based on the genetic code carried by the mRNA.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is primarily involved in forming the structure of ribosomes and facilitating the interaction between mRNA and tRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome but does not directly participate in transferring amino acids. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) plays a role in gene regulation and silencing rather than in the process of translation or amino acid transfer.

Thus, tRNA is essential for translating the genetic information into functional proteins by delivering specific amino acids in accordance with the mRNA template.