Which organelle contains enzymes that initiate the conversion of fatty acids to sugar?

The correct choice is the organelle known as glyoxysomes. These specialized organelles are found primarily in plant cells, particularly in seeds. Glyoxysomes contain enzymes that are crucial for the conversion of fatty acids into sugar through a process called glyoxylate cycle. This pathway is essential for seedlings as it allows them to utilize stored fats for energy during the early stages of growth before they are able to perform photosynthesis.

This conversion is important because it provides carbohydrates, which are vital for energy and structure in plant development. In contrast, while peroxisomes do contain enzymes for lipid metabolism and the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, their main function is not to convert fatty acids to sugars. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and do not have a role in fatty acid metabolism. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis and protein processing but does not initiate the conversion of fatty acids to sugar. Thus, glyoxysomes are specifically tailored for this unique metabolic task.